「〜てはならない」- Absolute Prohibition

Explanation

This structure is used to express that a certain action is absolutely forbidden, meaning "must not" or "cannot." It is often used to emphasize prohibitive rules or serious warnings.

Grammar Pattern

Grammar Point	Connection	Explanation
〜てはならない	Verb て-form + は + ならない	This structure connects with verbs to form expressions of absolute prohibition.

Basic Usage

• This structure connects with verbs to form expressions of absolute prohibition.

Examples

• 学校がっこうで携帯電話けいたいでんわを使つかってはならない。
• Gakkou de keitai denwa o tsukatte wa naranai.
• You must not use mobile phones at school.
  

• 飲酒運転いんしゅうんてんしてはならない。
• Inshu unten shite wa naranai.
• Drunk driving is absolutely prohibited.
  

• 火気かきを使つかってはならない場所ばしょで、たばこを吸すってはならない。
• Kaki o tsukatte wa naranai basho de, tabako o sutte wa naranai.
• Smoking is not allowed in places where open flames are prohibited.
  

Deep Dive

• 〜てはならない is primarily used in laws, regulations, and formal contexts to emphasize the absolute and serious nature of the prohibition.

Common Mistakes

• It is often confused with 〜てはいけない, but 〜てはならない is more formal and serious, and is typically not used in casual speech.

Real-Life Scenarios

• In actual conversations and writing, 〜てはならない is used to convey important rules or warnings, such as school regulations or legal provisions.

• 学校がっこうの規則きそくを守まもらなくてはならない。

• Gakkou no kisoku o mamoranakute wa naranai.

• You must follow the school rules.
  

• 交通こうつうルールるーるを守まもって運転うんてんしなくてはならない。

• Koutsuu ruuru o mamotte unten shinakute wa naranai.

• You must drive while following traffic rules.
  

Summary

• 〜てはならない is a grammatical structure used to express absolute prohibition, often in formal and serious contexts. The main difference between it and 〜てはいけない lies in the level of formality and the seriousness of the tone. Through various examples, one can better understand and master this grammar point.