「はずだ」- Expressing Supposition or Expectation
Explanation
〜はずだ is a Japanese grammatical structure used to express a result or situation that should logically occur based on certain circumstances or experience. It conveys the speaker's subjective assumption or expectation, but it does not necessarily indicate a confirmed fact.
Grammar Pattern
| Grammar Point | Connection | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Verb Plain Form + はずだ | Verb Plain Form | Used to express a result inferred from known information or logic, with a sense of certainty that is not absolute. |
| い-Adjective Plain Form + はずだ | い-Adjective Plain Form | Used to express a result inferred from known information or logic, with a sense of certainty that is not absolute. |
| な-Adjective Plain Form + はずだ | な-Adjective Plain Form | Used to express a result inferred from known information or logic, with a sense of certainty that is not absolute. |
| Noun + の + はずだ | Noun + の | Used to express a result inferred from known information or logic, with a sense of certainty that is not absolute. |
Basic Usage
〜はずだ is used to express a result that the speaker believes should logically occur based on known information or reasoning. It conveys a sense of certainty that is not absolute, indicating the speaker's assumption or expectation.
Examples
彼 は今 図書館 にいるはずだ。- Kare wa ima toshokan ni iru hazu da.
- He should be in the library now.
明日 は雨 が降 るはずだ。- Ashita wa ame ga furu hazu da.
- It should rain tomorrow.
Negative Form
〜はずがない or 〜はずはない is used to express that the speaker believes something is impossible. This form is stronger and indicates absolute impossibility.
Examples
彼 が嘘 をつくはずがない。- Kare ga uso o tsuku hazu ga nai.
- There's no way he would lie.
- こんなに
難 しい問題 は子供 が解 けるはずはない。 - Konna ni muzukashii mondai wa kodomo ga tokeru hazu wa nai.
- There's no way a child could solve such a difficult problem.
Deep Dive
〜はずだ is commonly used in Japanese to express supposition or expectation. By combining the speaker's context and known information, it effectively conveys the speaker's attitude and confidence. Its usage is broad and suitable for various scenarios.
Real-Life Scenarios
Here are some real-life conversation examples showcasing the use of 〜はずだ:
Conversation 1:
- A：
田中 さんはどこにいますか？ - B：
今 図書館 にいるはずです。 - A：Tanaka-san wa doko ni imasu ka?
- B：Ima toshokan ni iru hazu desu.
- A：Where is Mr. Tanaka?
- B：He should be in the library now.
Conversation 2:
- A：この
電車 は何時 に出発 しますか？ - B：10
時 に出発 するはずです。 - A：Kono densha wa nanji ni shuppatsu shimasu ka?
- B：10-ji ni shuppatsu suru hazu desu.
- A：What time does this train depart?
- B：It should depart at 10.
Summary
〜はずだ is a commonly used grammatical structure in Japanese to express supposition based on known information or logical reasoning. Mastering this structure helps in accurately conveying assumptions and judgments in Japanese.