「〜に依る」- Dependence or Basis

Explanation

「〜に依る」（に よる） is a Japanese grammatical structure that indicates the basis or foundation of an action or decision. It translates to "based on..." or "according to..." and is commonly used to express that a certain action or decision is grounded in a specific standard, law, or rule. The structure follows the pattern: noun + に依る.

Grammar Pattern

Grammar Point	Connection	Explanation
〜に依る	Noun + に依る	Used to indicate the basis or foundation of an action or decision, often paired with nouns like laws, rules, or guidelines.

Basic Usage

• Connection Pattern: Noun + に依る
• Common Pairings: 法律ほうりつ (law), 規章きそう (regulations), 规定きてい (rules), 意见いけん (opinion), etc.

Examples

• 法律ほうりつに依よる処分しょぶんする。
• Hōritsu ni yoru shobun suru.
• To take disciplinary action based on the law.
  

• 規則きそくに依よる処理しょり。
• Kisoku ni yoru shori.
• To handle according to the rules.
  

Deep Dive

As sentences become more complex, 「〜に依る」 can be used to emphasize the authority or basis of an action or decision.

Examples

• このこの案件あんけんは社内しゃないの規定きていに依よると、処罰しょばつが必要ひつようです。
• Kono anken wa shanai no kitei ni yoru to, shobatsu ga hitsuyō desu.
• According to the company's regulations, this case requires disciplinary action.
  

• 専門家せんもんかの意見いけんに依よると、この方法ほうほうが最適さいてきです。
• Senmonka no iken ni yoru to, kono hōhō ga saiteki desu.
• According to the expert's opinion, this method is the most suitable.
  

Real-Life Scenarios

「〜に依る」 is frequently used in legal, administrative, and corporate management contexts to indicate actions based on laws, regulations, or other authoritative documents.

Examples

• 規約きやくに依よると、この行為こういは違反いはんです。
• Kiyaku ni yoru to, kono kōi wa ihan desu.
• According to the regulations, this action is a violation.
  

• 会社かいしゃの方針ほうしんに依よる決定けっていです。
• Kaisha no hōshin ni yoru kettei desu.
• This decision is based on the company's policy.
  

Summary

The grammar point 「〜に依る」 is used to indicate the basis or foundation of an action or decision, often paired with nouns like laws and rules. Compared to similar grammar points, it has a more direct sense of reliance. Understanding its usage and how it differs from other structures will help you more accurately express the idea of basing actions on specific standards or criteria.