「〜に（は）及びない」- Not Reaching or Unnecessary
Explanation
〜に（は）及びない is a grammatical structure commonly used to express that someone or something cannot reach the level of another person or thing, or that something is unnecessary. It is pronounced as 〜に（は）およばない. In sentences, it typically follows a noun and indicates that the subject falls short in some aspect compared to another subject, or that there is no need to do something.
Grammar Pattern
| Grammar Point | Connection | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Noun + に（は）及びない | Noun + に（は）及びない | Indicates that the subject is inferior to another subject in some aspect or that there is no need to do something. |
Basic Usage
〜に（は）及びない has two primary uses:
-
Indicating Inferiority:
- Explanation: Shows that the subject falls short in some aspect compared to another object.
-
Indicating Unnecessity:
- Explanation: Shows that there is no need to do something, or that it is not worth the effort.
Examples
Usage 1: Indicating Inferiority
彼 の洞察力 には及 ばない。- Kare no dousatsuryoku ni wa oyobanai.
- I cannot match his insight.
数学 で言 えば、私 は彼 に及 ばない。- Suugaku de ieba, watashi wa kare ni oyobanai.
- When it comes to math, I cannot compare to him.
コンピューター の知識 では、彼 に全 く及 ばない。- Konpyuutaa no chishiki de wa, kare ni mattaku oyobanai.
- In terms of computer knowledge, I am completely inferior to him.
Usage 2: Indicating Unnecessity
そんなに 心配 するには及 ばない。- Sonna ni shinpai suru ni wa oyobanai.
- There is no need to worry so much.
彼 に謝 るには及 ばない。- Kare ni ayamaru ni wa oyobanai.
- There is no need to apologize to him.
Deep Dive
When 〜に（は）及びない is used to express inferiority, it is often used to compare two subjects, emphasizing that the former falls short in some aspect compared to the latter. In polite refusals, it can effectively convey that there is no need to do something. This grammar is typically used in formal contexts, making it more appropriate and respectful.
Real-Life Scenarios
Mastering 〜に（は）及びない allows for more precise Japanese expression, especially when making comparisons or politely declining. This grammar is suitable for formal speeches, written communication, and other formal settings.
Summary
〜に（は）及びない is used to express the concepts of not reaching or being unnecessary. It carries a formal tone and is suitable for various situations, particularly when making comparisons or politely declining. By understanding its usage and examples, you can effectively master this grammar point.