「される/させられる」- Causative-Passive Form
Explanation
The causative-passive auxiliary verbs 「される」 and 「させられる」 are used to express being forced or made to do something, often conveying a sense of compulsion or reluctance. Their pronunciations are 「される」(sa-re-ru) and 「させられる」(sa-se-ra-re-ru), respectively.
Grammar Pattern
| Grammar Point | Connection | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Godan Verbs | Verb's nai-form + される/させられる | Indicates being forced to perform an action, often with a sense of compulsion or reluctance. |
| Ichidan Verbs | Verb's nai-form + させられる | Indicates being forced to perform an action, often with a sense of compulsion or reluctance. |
| Irregular Verbs | する → される, 来る → 来させられる | Indicates being forced to perform an action, often with a sense of compulsion or reluctance. |
Basic Usage and Examples
お腹 が痛 くて病院 へ行 ったら、1時間 も 待たされた。- Onaka ga itakute byouin e ittara, 1-jikan mo matasareta.
- When I went to the hospital with a stomachache, I was made to wait for a whole hour.
先生 に宿題 を させられた。- Sensei ni shukudai o saserareta.
- I was forced to do homework by the teacher.
子供 は嫌 な食 べ物 を 食べさせられた。- Kodomo wa iyana tabemono o tabesaserareta.
- The child was forced to eat food they disliked.
Deep Dive
The causative-passive auxiliary verbs 「される」 and 「させられる」 are primarily used to describe situations where someone is forced to perform an action.
Basic Concepts
Godan Verbs
話 す → 話させられる- Hanasu → hanasaserareru
- To be made to speak
読 む → 読まされる- Yomu → yomasareru
- To be made to read
Ichidan Verbs
食 べる → 食べさせられる- Taberu → tabesaserareru
- To be made to eat
見 る → 見させられる- Miru → misaserareru
- To be made to watch
Irregular Verbs
- する → される
- Suru → sareru
- To be made to do
来 る → 来させられる- Kuru → kosaserareru
- To be made to come
Comparison and Differences
The causative-passive auxiliary verbs (される/させられる) and the passive form (れる/られる) may appear similar in structure, but their usage and meanings are distinct.
| Grammar Point | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Causative-Passive (される/させられる) | Indicates being forced to perform an action, often with a sense of compulsion or reluctance. | |
| Passive (れる/られる) | Indicates a passive action, where the subject receives the action, without a sense of compulsion. |
Cultural Context
In Japanese culture, respect and humility are important values, which is why the causative-passive form is often used to express feelings of reluctance or compliance in situations involving compulsion.
Summary
The causative-passive auxiliary verbs 「される」 and 「させられる」 play a significant grammatical role in Japanese, used to describe situations where someone is forced to perform an action. By gaining a deeper understanding of this grammar point, you can more accurately express forced actions and enhance your Japanese language skills.