「〜ては/ではいけない」- Prohibition Structure
Explanation
- Grammar:
動詞 て形 + は/では +いけない - Pronunciation: 〜てはいけない (〜てわいけない)
- Meaning: This structure expresses prohibition or something that is not allowed, meaning "you must not...", "it is not allowed to...", or "you shouldn't...". In daily life, it is often used to warn or prohibit certain actions.
Grammar Pattern
Grammar Point | Connection | Explanation |
---|---|---|
Expresses prohibition or something that is not allowed. |
Examples
Example | Explanation |
---|---|
You must not open the window. | |
You must not be late. | |
You must not make noise. |
Basic Usage
- Examples:
窓 を開 けてはいけません。- You must not open the window.
遅刻 してはいけません。- You must not be late.
騒 いではいけません。- You must not make noise.
Variations
In spoken language, 「〜てはいけない」 can be shortened to 「〜ちゃいけない」 or 「〜じゃいけない」. These forms are more casual and commonly used in everyday conversations.
- Examples:
そんなに お菓子 を食 べちゃいけないよ。- You must not eat so many candies.
道路 でサッカー をしちゃいけない。- You must not play soccer on the road.
Polite Expressions
To express prohibition more politely, you can use 「〜てはいけません」. This form is more suitable in business settings or when speaking to someone you are not very familiar with.
- Examples:
ここ にゴミ を捨 ててはいけません。- You must not throw garbage here.
その ボタン を押 してはいけません。- You must not press that button.
Deep Dive
「〜てはいけない」 is not only used for direct prohibition but can also express hopes or requests in certain contexts. For example, when wishing for something to go smoothly, the meaning may shift slightly.
- Examples:
彼 が無事 に終 わるではいけない。- I hope the event ends safely.
Comparison and Differences
「〜てはいけない」 and 「〜てはならない」 are used in different contexts.
Expression | Usage | Example | English Translation |
---|---|---|---|
〜てはいけない | Expresses prohibition | You must not use your phone at school. | |
〜てはならない | Expresses something that should not be done | You must not speak loudly in a quiet library. |
Real-Life Scenarios
- In classrooms, teachers use 「〜てはいけない」 to emphasize behavioral rules for students.
- In public places like libraries or museums, signs often use 「〜てはいけない」 to remind people to follow the rules.
Summary
「〜てはいけない」 is a commonly used grammar structure in Japanese to express prohibition. It is applicable in various situations. Understanding its usage, variations, and polite forms can help improve the effectiveness of daily communication.