～かわりに（Instead of...）
Explanation
～かわりに is a Japanese grammatical structure used to express "instead of..." or "in place of...". This grammar point is commonly used to indicate that something or someone is being substituted for another thing or person to perform an action.
Grammar Pattern
| Grammar Point | Connection | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Plain verb form / い-adjective / な-adjective stem / Noun + かわりに | Plain verb form / い-adjective / な-adjective stem / Noun + かわりに | Used to indicate that something or someone is being substituted for another thing or person to perform an action. |
Basic Usage
1. Noun + の + かわりに
Used to indicate that one noun is being substituted for another.
彼 は先生 のかわりに、会議 に出席 しました。- Kare wa sensei no kawari ni, kaigi ni shusseki shimashita.
- He attended the meeting instead of the teacher.
2. Plain Verb Form + かわりに
Used to indicate that one action is being substituted for another.
車 を買 うかわりに、自転車 を買 いました。- Kuruma o kau kawari ni, jitensha o kaimashita.
- I bought a bicycle instead of a car.
3. い-Adjective + かわりに
Less common, but can be used to indicate substitution.
彼 は忙 しいかわりに、やりがい がある仕事 をしています。- Kare wa isogashii kawari ni, yarigai ga aru shigoto o shiteimasu.
- He has a job that, while busy, is fulfilling.
4. な-Adjective Stem + な + かわりに
Used to indicate a conditional exchange or substitution.
静 かなかわりに、交通 が不便 です。- Shizuka na kawari ni, koutsuu ga fuben desu.
- It's quiet, but the transportation is inconvenient.
Deep Dive
～かわりに can be used not only to indicate physical substitution but also to express conditional exchanges or compensations. For example, in some cases, someone might be unable to complete a task due to certain reasons, and another person steps in to do it instead. Additionally, ～かわりに can be used to indicate an exchange condition, where one action or item is substituted for another.
Real-Life Examples
風邪 を引 いたかわりに、１週間 の有給休暇 をもらった。- Kaze o hiita kawari ni, isshuukan no yuukyuukyuuka o moratta.
- I caught a cold, but in return, I got a week of paid leave.
印鑑 のかわりにサイン でも構 いません。- Inkan no kawari ni sain demo kamaimasen.
- A signature is acceptable instead of a seal.
雨 が降 ったので、外食 するかわりに豪勢 な出前 を取 った。- Ame ga futta node, gaishoku suru kawari ni gousei na demae o totta.
- Because it rained, instead of eating out, we ordered a lavish delivery.
Summary
～かわりに is a highly practical Japanese grammar point that can be applied to various substitution scenarios. Mastering this grammar point will make your Japanese expressions more flexible and natural.
かわりに - Expressing Substitution
Explanation
～かわりに is a Japanese grammatical structure used to express "instead of" or "in place of." This grammar point is commonly used to indicate that one thing or person is being substituted for another in a particular action or situation.
Grammar Pattern
| Grammar Point | Connection | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Verb plain form / い-adjective / な-adjective stem / Noun + かわりに | Verb plain form / い-adjective / な-adjective stem / Noun + かわりに | Used to express that one thing or person is being substituted for another. |
Basic Usage
1. Noun + の + かわりに
Used to indicate that one noun is being substituted for another.
彼 は先生 のかわりに、会議 に出席 しました。- Kare wa sensei no kawari ni, kaigi ni shusseki shimashita.
- He attended the meeting instead of the teacher.
2. Verb plain form + かわりに
Used to indicate that one action is being substituted for another.
車 を買 うかわりに、自転車 を買 いました。- Kuruma o kau kawari ni, jitensha o kaimashita.
- I bought a bicycle instead of a car.
Deep Dive
～かわりに can be used not only to express physical substitution but also to indicate conditional exchanges or compensation. For example, in some cases, someone might be unable to complete a task due to certain reasons, and another person steps in to do it instead. Additionally, ～かわりに can be used to express a conditional exchange, where one benefit is traded for another.
風邪 を引 いたかわりに、１週間 の有給休暇 をもらった。- Kaze o hiita kawari ni, isshūkan no yūkyū kyūka o moratta.
- Although I caught a cold, I got a week of paid leave in return.
Real-Life Scenarios
雨 が降 ったので、外食 するかわりに豪勢 な出前 を取 った。- Ame ga futta node, gaishoku suru kawari ni gōsei na demae o totta.
- Because it was raining, instead of eating out, we ordered a lavish delivery.
Summary
～かわりに is a highly practical Japanese grammar point that can be used in various substitution scenarios. Mastering this grammar point will make your Japanese expressions more flexible and natural.