「〜に対して」- Indicates the Target of an Action

Explanation

This grammar point is used to indicate the target of an action, the thing being addressed, or the state being referred to.

Grammar Pattern

Grammar Point	Connection	Explanation
Noun + 「に対して」	Noun	Used to indicate the target of an action or the thing being addressed. It is typically attached to a noun to express an action or attitude toward that noun.

Basic Usage

「〜に対して」 is used to indicate the target of an action or the thing being addressed. In a sentence, it is usually attached to a noun to express an action or attitude toward that noun.

Examples

• 彼かれの意見いけんに対して反対はんたいの立場たちばを取とる。
• Kare no iken ni taishite hantai no tachiba o toru.
• I take a stance of opposition toward his opinion.
  

• 子供こどもに対して優やさしい態度たいどを示しめす。
• Kodomo ni taishite yasashii taido o shimesu.
• I show a kind attitude toward children.
  

Deep Dive

「〜に対して」 can not only indicate the target of an action but also express emotions, attitudes, or evaluations.

1. Expressing Emotions or Attitudes

   • 彼かれは日本文学にほんぶんがくに対して深ふかい興味きょうみを持もっている。
   • Kare wa Nihon bungaku ni taishite fukai kyoumi o motteiru.
   • He has a deep interest in Japanese literature.
     

2. Expressing Evaluations

   • 新あたらしい政策せいさくに対して賛成さんせいする人ひとが多おおい。
   • Atarashii seisaku ni taishite sansei suru hito ga ooi.
   • Many people are in favor of the new policy.
     

3. Expressing Reactions or Responses

   • 彼かれの質問しつもんに対して適切てきせつな回答かいとうを行おこなう。
   • Kare no shitsumon ni taishite tekisetsu na kaitou o okonau.
   • I provide an appropriate response to his question.
     

Real-Life Scenarios

• Dialogue 1

  • A: 新あたらしい上司じょうしに対してどう思おもう？
  • Atarashii joushi ni taishite dou omou?
  • What do you think about the new boss?
  • B: とても厳きびしいけれど、仕事しごとに対して真剣しんけんだと思おもうよ。
  • Totemo kibishii keredo, shigoto ni taishite shinken da to omou yo.
  • I think he’s very strict but serious about his work.
    

• Dialogue 2

  • A: 日本にほんの文化ぶんかに対して興味きょうみを持もっていますか？
  • Nihon no bunka ni taishite kyoumi o motteimasu ka?
  • Are you interested in Japanese culture?
  • B: はい、特とくに茶道さどうに対して興味きょうみがあります。
  • Hai, toku ni sadou ni taishite kyoumi ga arimasu.
  • Yes, I’m particularly interested in tea ceremony.
    

Summary

「〜に対して」 is an important Japanese grammar point used to indicate the target of an action or express attitudes. Understanding its distinction from similar grammar points will help you convey meaning more accurately and improve your Japanese language skills.

「〜に対して」- Expressing Proportional Relationships

Explanation

「〜に対して」is used to express proportional relationships, similar to the English word "per."

Grammar Pattern

Grammar Point	Connection	Explanation
〜に対して	Noun + 「に対して」	Used to express proportional relationships, similar to "per" in English.

Basic Concept

「〜に対して」 is used to express proportional relationships, similar to "per" in English. This expression is commonly used in daily life and scientific calculations to clearly describe the relationship between different quantities in specific situations.

Examples

• 油あぶらに対して 酢すと水みずを三さん比ひ一いちの割合わりあいで混まぜる。
• Abura ni taishite su to mizu o san bi ichi no wariai de mazeru.
• Mix oil, vinegar, and water in a ratio of three to one.
  

• 水みず100ccに対して 砂糖さとう、塩しおそれぞれ5g入いれる。
• Mizu 100cc ni taishite satou, shio sorezore 5g ireru.
• Add 5g of sugar and 5g of salt per 100cc of water.
  

Deep Dive

In its basic usage, 「〜に対して」 is used to express simple proportional relationships, such as:

• 一人ひとりに対して 二につのアイデアあいであを出だす。
• Hitori ni taishite futatsu no aidea o dasu.
• Each person comes up with two ideas.
  

• 一いち時間じかんに対して 100円えんの手数料てすうりょうがかかる。
• Ichijikan ni taishite 100 en no tesuuryou ga kakaru.
• A fee of 100 yen is charged per hour.
  

Comparison and Differences

「〜に対して」 differs from other expressions that indicate proportions, mainly in its clear emphasis on numerical relationships.

Expression	Usage	Example	English Translation
〜に比べて	Mainly used to compare differences between two things, not to express proportional relationships.	今年ことしは去年きょねんに比べて暑あつい。	This year is hotter than last year.
〜に応じて	Indicates taking corresponding measures based on certain conditions, without emphasizing specific proportions.	予算よさんに応おうじて計画けいかくを変更へんこうします。	Adjust the plan according to the budget.

Real-Life Conversations

• Conversation 1

  • A: このレシピれしぴ、どうやって作つくるの？
  • A: Kono reshipi, douyatte tsukuru no?
  • A: How do you make this recipe?
    
  • B: 油あぶらに対して 酢すと水みずを三さん比ひ一いちの割合わりあいで混まぜるよ。
  • B: Abura ni taishite su to mizu o san bi ichi no wariai de mazeru yo.
  • B: Mix oil, vinegar, and water in a ratio of three to one.
    

• Conversation 2

  • A: このプロジェクトぷろじぇくとにはどのくらいの人ひとが関かかわっているの？
  • A: Kono purojekuto ni wa dono kurai no hito ga kakawatte iru no?
  • A: How many people are involved in this project?
    
  • B: お客様きゃくさま一人ひとりに対して、スタッフすたっふ三人さんにんで対応たいおう致いたします。
  • B: Okyakusama hitori ni taishite, sutaffu sannin de taiou itashimasu.
  • B: Three staff members are assigned to each customer.
    

Summary

「〜に対して」 is a highly practical Japanese grammar point, primarily used to express proportional relationships. By understanding its basic and advanced usage, as well as its differences from similar expressions, you can use this structure more accurately to convey specific proportional relationships.

「〜に対して」- Expressing Attitude, Behavior, or Response Toward Something

Explanation

「〜に対して」is used to express attitudes, behaviors, or responses toward something. It can also indicate proportions or contrasts in certain contexts.

Grammar Pattern

Grammar Point	Connection	Explanation
〜に対して	Verb form/Noun + の + 〜に対して Noun + 〜に対して	Expresses attitudes, behaviors, or responses toward something, and can also indicate proportions or contrasts.

Basic Usage

When expressing a contrast between two things in a certain aspect, 〜に対して is used. This usage is mainly employed to highlight differences or oppositions, meaning "in contrast to" or "while."

Examples

• 兄あには成績せいせきが良よいのに対して、弟おとうとはそうでもない。
• Ani wa seiseki ga yoi no ni taishite, otouto wa sou demo nai.
• While my older brother has good grades, my younger brother does not.
  

• 駅えきの北側きたがわは商業施設しょうぎょうしせつが密集みっしゅうし人々ひとびとが行き交いきかようのに対して、南側みなみがわは住宅街じゅうたくがいがあり物静ものしずかな印象いんしょうを受うける。
• Eki no kitagawa wa shougyou shisetsu ga misshuu shi hitobito ga ikikayou no ni taishite, minamigawa wa juutakugai ga ari monoshizuka na inshou o ukeru.
• While the north side of the station is crowded with commercial facilities and bustling with people, the south side is a residential area that gives off a quiet impression.
  

Deep Dive

〜に対して is not only used to express contrasts but also to indicate attitudes or behaviors toward something. For example:

• 学生がくせいたちに対して、先生せんせいは厳きびしい。
• Gakusei-tachi ni taishite, sensei wa kibishii.
• The teacher is strict toward the students.
  

• この提案ていあんに対して、多おおくの意見いけんが出でた。
• Kono teian ni taishite, ooku no iken ga deta.
• Many opinions were expressed regarding this proposal.
  

Summary

〜に対して is an important and commonly used grammar point in Japanese, especially when expressing contrasts. Mastering its usage can enrich your expressions and help you understand information more accurately.