「〜ないで」- Without Doing Something
Explanation
「〜ないで」 is a Japanese grammatical structure used to express "without doing something." It is typically used to describe performing an action without completing another action first. This pattern emphasizes the condition of not doing something before proceeding with another action.
Grammar Pattern
| Grammar Point | Connection | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Verb Negative Form + ないで | Verb Negative Form + ないで | Expresses "without doing something," emphasizing performing an action without completing another action first. |
Basic Usage
Connection
- Verb Negative Form + ないで
Meaning
- Expresses "without doing something," emphasizing performing an action without completing another action first.
Examples
朝 ご飯 を食 べないで、学校 に行 きました。- Asa gohan o tabenai de, gakkou ni ikimashita.
- I went to school without eating breakfast.
傘 を持 たないで、出 かけました。- Kasa o motanai de, dekakemashita.
- I went out without bringing an umbrella.
宿題 をや らないで、遊 びに行 きました。- Shukudai o yaranai de, asobi ni ikimashita.
- I went to play without doing my homework.
電話 をかけ ないで、直接 会 いに行きました。- Denwa o kakenai de, chokusetsu ai ni ikimashita.
- I went to meet them directly without calling.
Comparison and Differences
「〜ないで」 and 「〜ずに」 both express "without doing something," but they differ in their connection and usage contexts.
| Grammar Point | Connection | Usage Context |
|---|---|---|
| 〜ないで | Verb Negative Form + ないで | Everyday conversation |
| 〜ずに | Verb Negative Form + ずに | Written or formal contexts |
Example:
彼 は何 も言 わずに、部屋 を出 ました。- Kare wa nani mo iwazu ni, heya o demashita.
- He left the room without saying anything.
Deep Dive
「〜ないで」 is primarily used in everyday conversation to describe performing an action without completing another action first. It emphasizes the state of not doing something and is often used to describe actions under certain conditions.
Summary
「〜ないで」 is a Japanese grammatical structure used to express "without doing something." It is mainly used in everyday conversation. Mastering this pattern will help you better describe scenarios where one action is performed without completing another action first.