Vocabulary
Job-related Words
警察官[けいさつかん]③ Police officer, noun
- 彼は警察官になりたいと言っています。
- Kare wa keisatsukan ni naritai to itteimasu.
- He says he wants to become a police officer.
警官[けいかん] Police officer, noun
- 警官が事件の現場に到着しました。
- Keikan ga jiken no genba ni touchaku shimashita.
- The police officer arrived at the scene of the incident.
お相撲[すもう]さん⓪ Sumo wrestler, noun
- お相撲さんはとても力強いです。
- Osumosan wa totemo chikarazuyoi desu.
- Sumo wrestlers are very strong.
歌舞伎役者[かぶきやくしゃ]④ Kabuki actor, noun
- 彼は有名な歌舞伎役者です。
- Kare wa yuumei na kabuki yakusha desu.
- He is a famous Kabuki actor.
水泳選手[すいえいせんしゅ]⑤ Swimmer, noun
- 彼女はオリンピックの水泳選手です。
- Kanojo wa orinpikku no suiei senshu desu.
- She is an Olympic swimmer.
泳[およ]ぐ To swim, verb
- 夏には海で泳ぎます。
- Natsu ni wa umi de oyogimasu.
- I swim in the sea during summer.
モデル① Model; model (object), noun
- 彼女はファッションモデルです。
- Kanojo wa fasshon moderu desu.
- She is a fashion model.
インタビュー① Interview, noun
- 記者が彼にインタビューをしました。
- Kisha ga kare ni intabyuu o shimashita.
- The reporter interviewed him.
プラン① Plan, scheme, noun
- 新しいプランを立てましょう。
- Atarashii puran o tatemashou.
- Let's make a new plan.
家事[かじ]① Housework, noun
- 毎日家事をしています。
- Mainichi kaji o shiteimasu.
- I do housework every day.
面接[めんせつ]⓪ Interview, noun
- 明日は面接があります。
- Ashita wa mensetsu ga arimasu.
- I have an interview tomorrow.
出来事[できごと]② Event, incident (unexpected, often negative), noun
- 今日はいろいろな出来事がありました。
- Kyou wa iroiro na dekigoto ga arimashita.
- Many things happened today.
Body and Sensation-related Words
意見[いけん]① Opinion, noun
- 彼の意見を聞いてみましょう。
- Kare no iken o kiite mimashou.
- Let's hear his opinion.
頭痛[ずつう]⓪ Headache, noun
- 頭痛がひどいです。
- Zutsuu ga hidoi desu.
- I have a terrible headache.
寒気[さむけ]③ Chill, shiver, noun
- 寒気がします。
- Samuke ga shimasu.
- I feel a chill.
吐き気[はきけ]③ Nausea, noun
- 吐き気がします。
- Hakike ga shimasu.
- I feel nauseous.
末[すえ]⓪ End, conclusion, noun
- 年の末に旅行に行きます。
- Toshi no sue ni ryokou ni ikimasu.
- I will go on a trip at the end of the year.
初め[はじめ]⓪ Beginning, noun
- 初めからやり直しましょう。
- Hajime kara yarinaoshimashou.
- Let's start over from the beginning.
半月[はんつき]⓪ Half a month, 15 days, noun
- 半月ほど休みます。
- Hantsuki hodo yasumimasu.
- I will take a break for about half a month.
毛皮[けがわ]⓪ Fur, noun
- 毛皮のコートを着ています。
- Kegawa no kooto o kiteimasu.
- I am wearing a fur coat.
本物[ほんもの]⓪ The real thing, genuine article, noun
- これは本物ですか?
- Kore wa honmono desu ka?
- Is this the real thing?
柄[がら] Pattern, design, noun
- この柄が好きです。
- Kono gara ga suki desu.
- I like this pattern.
レモン① Lemon, noun
- レモンを絞ってジュースを作ります。
- Remon o shibotte juusu o tsukurimasu.
- I squeeze lemons to make juice.
味噌汁[みそしる]③ Miso soup, noun
- 朝ごはんに味噌汁を飲みます。
- Asagohan ni misoshiru o nomimasu.
- I drink miso soup for breakfast.
お祭[まつ]り⓪ Festival, celebration, noun
- お祭りに行きましょう。
- Omatsuri ni ikimashou.
- Let's go to the festival.
オートバイ③ Motorcycle, noun
- オートバイで通勤します。
- Ootobai de tsuukin shimasu.
- I commute by motorcycle.
開設[かいせつ]⓪ Establishment, opening, noun
- 新しい店を開設しました。
- Atarashii mise o kaisetsu shimashita.
- I opened a new store.
候補地[こうほち]③ Candidate location, noun
- 新しい工場の候補地を探しています。
- Atarashii koujou no kouhochi o sagashiteimasu.
- I am looking for a candidate location for a new factory.
周[まわ]り⓪ Surroundings, vicinity, noun
- 周りの景色がとてもきれいです。
- Mawari no keshiki ga totemo kirei desu.
- The surrounding scenery is very beautiful.
明[あか]るさ⓪ Brightness, noun
- 部屋の明るさを調節します。
- Heya no akarusa o chousetsu shimasu.
- I adjust the brightness of the room.
におい② Smell, scent, noun
- 花のにおいがします。
- Hana no nioi ga shimasu.
- I smell the scent of flowers.
石鹸[せっけん]⓪ Soap, noun
- 石鹸で手を洗います。
- Sekken de te o araimasu.
- I wash my hands with soap.
香水[こうすい]⓪ Perfume, noun
- 香水をつけます。
- Kousui o tsukemasu.
- I put on perfume.
Verb-related
済む[すむ]① To finish, to be completed, verb
- 仕事が済みました。
- Shigoto ga sumimashita.
- The work is finished.
済ませる To finish something, to get something done, verb
- 早く仕事を済ませましょう。
- Hayaku shigoto o sumasemashou.
- Let's finish the work quickly.
積[つ]もる② To pile up, to accumulate, verb
- 雪が積もっています。
- Yuki ga tsumotteimasu.
- Snow has piled up.
過[す]ごす To spend time, to live, verb
- 楽しい時間を過ごしました。
- Tanoshii jikan o sugoshimashita.
- I spent a fun time.
ほほえむ To smile, verb
- 彼女はほほえみながら話しました。
- Kanojo wa hohoeminagara hanashimashita.
- She spoke while smiling.
延[の]ばす② To extend, to postpone; to stretch, verb
- 会議を延ばします。
- Kaigi o nobashimasu.
- I will postpone the meeting.
緊張[きんちょう]する To feel nervous, verb
- 面接で緊張しました。
- Mensetsu de kinchou shimashita.
- I felt nervous during the interview.
まるで⓪ As if, just like, adverb
- まるで夢のようです。
- Marude yume no you desu.
- It feels just like a dream.
いかにも Indeed, truly, adverb
- いかにも彼らしいです。
- Ikanimo kare rashii desu.
- It's just like him.
このごろ Recently, lately, adverb
- このごろ忙しいです。
- Konogoro isogashii desu.
- I have been busy lately.
事務所探し[じむしょさがし] Looking for an office, noun
- 事務所探しをしています。
- Jimusho sagashi o shiteimasu.
- I am looking for an office.
爽[さわ]やか② Refreshing; cheerful (personality), adjective
- 爽やかな風が吹いています。
- Sawayaka na kaze ga fuiteimasu.
- A refreshing breeze is blowing.
Grammar Points
1. Similes: ~ようだ / ~みたいだ
When we want to describe something or someone as "like...", we can use 「~ようだ」 or 「~みたいだ」. Both patterns can be used to express similes, but their conjugation rules are slightly different.
Pattern | Conjugation | Example |
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~ようだ | Noun + の / Verb (plain form) + ようだ |
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~みたいだ | Noun / Verb (plain form) + みたいだ |
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Note: Although both can express similes, 「~ようだ」 is more formal and often used in written language, while 「~みたいだ」 is more colloquial and suitable for everyday conversation.
2. Typicality: ~らしい
When we want to express that someone or something has typical characteristics, we can use 「~らしい」. This pattern is often used to describe the typical traits of someone or something.
Pattern | Conjugation | Example |
---|---|---|
~らしい | Noun + らしい |
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Note: 「~らしい」 emphasizes that someone or something has the typical characteristics of their identity or category, rather than just being a simile.
3. Time Expressions: ~までに
When we want to express that an action must be completed by a certain time, we can use 「~までに」. This pattern is often used to indicate deadlines.
Pattern | Conjugation | Example |
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~までに | Noun (time) / Verb (dictionary form) |
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Note: 「~までに」 emphasizes the deadline for completing an action, not the duration of the action.
4. Time Expressions: ~間 / ~間に
When we want to express an action or state that occurs during a certain period, we can use 「~間」 or 「~間に」. Both patterns can indicate a time range, but their focus is slightly different.
Pattern | Conjugation | Example |
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~間 | Verb (plain form) / Noun + の |
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~間に | Verb (plain form) / Noun + の |
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Note: 「~間」 emphasizes the continuous state throughout the entire period, while 「~間に」 emphasizes an action completed within that period.
5. Sensation Expressions: ~がする
When we want to express a certain sensation or phenomenon, we can use 「~がする」. This pattern is often used to describe smells, sounds, feelings, etc.
Pattern | Conjugation | Example |
---|---|---|
~がする | (Smell, taste, voice, sound, feeling) + がする |
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Note: 「~がする」 is typically used to describe sensory experiences, such as smells or sounds.
Dialogue Practice
Basic
- A: この毛皮はまるで本物のようです。
- A: Kono kegawa wa marude honmono no you desu.
- A: This fur feels just like the real thing.
- B: ええ、とても柔らかくて、本物みたいですね。
- B: Ee, totemo yawarakakute, honmono mitai desu ne.
- B: Yes, it's very soft, just like the real thing.
- A: このごろ、雨らしい雨が降っていませんね。
- A: Konogoro, ame rashii ame ga futteimasen ne.
- A: Lately, we haven't had any proper rain.
- B: そうですね。まるで乾季のようです。
- B: Sou desu ne. Marude kanki no you desu.
- B: Yes, it feels just like the dry season.
Workplace
- A: 明日の会議までに、この資料を読んでおいてください。
- A: Ashita no kaigi made ni, kono shiryou o yonde oite kudasai.
- A: Please read this material by tomorrow's meeting.
- B: はい、わかりました。
- B: Hai, wakarimashita.
- B: Yes, I understand.
Daily Life
- A: 子供が寝ている間、ずっと本を読んでいました。
- A: Kodomo ga neteiru aida, zutto hon o yondeimashita.
- A: I was reading a book the whole time while the child was sleeping.
- B: それはいいですね。私も子供が寝ている間に家事を済ませます。
- B: Sore wa ii desu ne. Watashi mo kodomo ga neteiru aida ni kaji o sumasemasu.
- B: That's nice. I also finish my housework while the child is sleeping.
Cultural Knowledge
Language Culture
Similes: In Japanese, 「~ようだ」 and 「~みたいだ」 are commonly used to express similes. This kind of expression is frequently seen in both everyday conversation and literature.
Typicality Expressions: Using 「~らしい」 to describe someone or something with typical characteristics is very practical when describing personalities or traits.
Social Culture
Time Management: Japanese people place great importance on time. Using 「~までに」 to indicate deadlines reflects their strict time management.
Family Life: In Japan, housewives often complete housework while their children are sleeping. This lifestyle reflects the time management habits of Japanese families.
Summary and Key Points
This lesson focused on learning similes (~ようだ / ~みたいだ) and typicality expressions (~らしい), mastering how to use these patterns to describe similarities and typical characteristics. Additionally, we learned time-related expressions (~までに / ~間 / ~間に), as well as how to use 「~がする」 to express sensations and phenomena. Through these grammar points, you can more naturally describe various real-life scenarios.