Vocabulary
Words Related to Social Phenomena
少子化[しょうしか]⓪ Declining birthrate, noun
日本の少子化が進んでいます。
Nihon no shōshika ga susunde imasu.
The declining birthrate in Japan is progressing.
高齢化[こうれいか]⓪ Aging population, noun
高齢化社会が進んでいます。
Kōreika shakai ga susunde imasu.
The aging society is progressing.
現代人[げんだいじん]③ Modern people, noun
現代人は忙しいです。
Gendaijin wa isogashii desu.
Modern people are busy.
喫煙者[きつえんしゃ]③ Smoker, noun
喫煙者は減っています。
Kitsuen-sha wa hette imasu.
The number of smokers is decreasing.
旅行者[りょこうしゃ]② Traveler, noun
旅行者が増えています。
Ryokō-sha ga fuete imasu.
The number of travelers is increasing.
利用者[りようしゃ]② User, noun
利用者の声を聞いてください。
Riyō-sha no koe o kiite kudasai.
Please listen to the users' opinions.
よさ① Good points, advantages, noun
この町のよさは何ですか。
Kono machi no yosa wa nan desu ka.
What are the good points of this town?
時間帯[じかんたい]⓪ Time period, noun
この時間帯は混雑します。
Kono jikan-tai wa konzatsu shimasu.
This time period is crowded.
便[べん]① Convenience, noun
この駅はとても便利です。
Kono eki wa totemo benri desu.
This station is very convenient.
便[びん]① Flight, noun
次の便は何時ですか。
Tsugi no bin wa nan-ji desu ka.
What time is the next flight?
アクセス Access, connection, noun
このホテルはアクセスが良いです。
Kono hoteru wa akusesu ga yoi desu.
This hotel has good access.
リニアモーターカー Maglev train, noun
リニアモーターカーは速いです。
Rinia mōtākā wa hayai desu.
The maglev train is fast.
調子[ちょうし]⓪ Condition, state, noun
調子はどうですか。
Chōshi wa dō desu ka.
How is your condition?
部屋代[へやだい]⓪ Rent, noun
部屋代が高いです。
Heya-dai ga takai desu.
The rent is expensive.
町並み[まちなみ]⓪ Street layout, townscape, noun
この町の町並みはきれいです。
Kono machi no machinami wa kirei desu.
The townscape of this town is beautiful.
悩み[なやみ]⓪ Worry, trouble, noun
悩みを相談してください。
Nayami o sōdan shite kudasai.
Please consult about your worries.
売上[うりあげ]⓪ Sales, noun
売上が下がっています。
Uriage ga sagatte imasu.
Sales are declining.
憧れ[あこがれ]⓪ Longing, admiration, noun
彼は憧れの存在です。
Kare wa akogare no sonzai desu.
He is an admired figure.
進む[すすむ]⓪ To progress, verb
少子化が進んでいます。
Shōshika ga susunde imasu.
The declining birthrate is progressing.
磨く[みがく]⓪ To brush, to polish, verb
歯を磨いてください。
Ha o migaite kudasai.
Please brush your teeth.
曇る[くもる] To become cloudy, verb
空が曇っています。
Sora ga kumotte imasu.
The sky is cloudy.
似る[にる]⓪ To resemble, verb
彼は父親に似ています。
Kare wa chichioya ni nite imasu.
He resembles his father.
ライトアップする To light up, verb
夜になると、町がライトアップされます。
Yoru ni naru to, machi ga raitoappu saremasu.
When night falls, the town is lit up.
普及[ふきゅう]する To spread, to become widespread, verb
スマートフォンが普及しています。
Sumātofon ga fukyū shite imasu.
Smartphones are becoming widespread.
ひどい② Terrible, harsh; intense, adjective
ひどい天気ですね。
Hidoi tenki desu ne.
The weather is terrible.
手軽[てがる]⓪ Simple, easy, adjective
手軽に使えるアプリです。
Tegaru ni tsukaeru apuri desu.
It's an easy-to-use app.
急速[きゅうそく]⓪ Rapid, adjective
急速に変化しています。
Kyūsoku ni henka shite imasu.
It's changing rapidly.
以前[いぜん]① Before, adverb
以前はここに公園がありました。
Izen wa koko ni kōen ga arimashita.
There used to be a park here.
どんどん① Continuously, steadily, adverb
どんどん進んでください。
Dondon susunde kudasai.
Please keep moving forward.
ますます⓪ More and more, adverb
ますます寒くなります。
Masumasu samuku narimasu.
It's getting colder and colder.
なんか① Somehow, adverb
なんか変です。
Nanka hen desu.
It feels a bit strange.
年々[ねんねん]⓪ Year by year, adverb
年々人口が減っています。
Nennen jinkō ga hette imasu.
The population is decreasing year by year.
~上[じょう] In terms of, suffix
技術上は問題ありません。
Gijutsu-jō wa mondai arimasen.
There are no issues in terms of technology.
Grammar Points
1. ~てくる / ~ていく
These grammar points are used to describe trends, indicating changes from the past to the present and from the present to the future, respectively.
Usage | Meaning | Example |
---|---|---|
~てきました | From the past to the present | ずっとこの会社で働いてきました。 |
~ていきます | From the present to the future | 結婚しても仕事は続けていくつもりです。 |
2. ~てきました
Indicates the beginning of a phenomenon, often translated as "has started to...".
- 雨が降ってきました。
- Ame ga futte kimashita.
- It has started to rain.
- おなかがすいてきたでしょう。
- Onaka ga suite kita deshō.
- You must be getting hungry.
- 電車がだんだん速くなってきましたね。
- Densha ga dandan hayaku natte kimashita ne.
- The train has gradually gotten faster.
3. ~し、~し、
Used to list reasons or grounds, similar to "both... and..." in English.
- あの店はおいしいし、安いし、便利です。
- Ano mise wa oishii shi, yasui shi, benri desu.
- That store is both delicious, cheap, and convenient.
- ここは山登りもできるし、緑も多いし、いい町です。
- Koko wa yama nobori mo dekiru shi, midori mo ōi shi, ii machi desu.
- This town is great because you can go hiking and there's plenty of greenery.
4. ~ば~ほど
Means "the more... the more...", used to describe an increasing degree.
- 練習すればするほど、上手になるでしょう。
- Renshū sureba suru hodo, jōzu ni naru deshō.
- The more you practice, the better you'll get.
- このカレー、食べれば食べるほど、辛い。
- Kono karē, tabereba taberu hodo, karai.
- This curry gets spicier the more you eat it.
Dialogue Practice
Basic
A: 日本の人口はどうなっていますか。
A: Nihon no jinkō wa dō natte imasu ka.
A: How is Japan's population situation?
B: 少子化が進んで、だんだん減っていくでしょう。
B: Shōshika ga susunde, dandan hette iku deshō.
B: The declining birthrate is progressing, and the population will gradually decrease.
Workplace
A: 最近の売上はどうですか。
A: Saikin no uriage wa dō desu ka.
A: How are recent sales?
B: 売上が下がっていますが、改善策を考えています。
B: Uriage ga sagatte imasu ga, kaizen-saku o kangaete imasu.
B: Sales are declining, but we're considering improvement measures.
Daily Life
A: この町のよさは何ですか。
A: Kono machi no yosa wa nan desu ka.
A: What are the good points of this town?
B: 緑が多いし、交通も便利です。
B: Midori ga ōi shi, kōtsū mo benri desu.
B: There's plenty of greenery, and the transportation is convenient.
Cultural Knowledge
Social Phenomena
Declining Birthrate and Aging Population: Japan faces the dual challenges of a declining birthrate and an aging population, leading to a shrinking population and changes in social structure.
Urbanization and Convenience: Japan's high level of urbanization and convenient transportation come with the downside of rising living costs.
Language and Culture
Expressing Trends: Japanese often uses "~てくる" and "~ていく" to express trends, reflecting a sensitivity to changes over time.
Summary and Key Points
This lesson focused on vocabulary related to social phenomena like declining birthrate and aging, as well as the usage of ~てくる / ~ていく to describe trends. Additionally, we learned the listing function of ~し、~し、 and the "the more... the more..." structure of ~ば~ほど. Through these grammar points and vocabulary, we can better understand and express social changes and trends.