「〜に反して/〜に反し」- Contrary to...

Explanation

Grammar: Noun + に反して/に反し
Pronunciation: ni hanshite/ni hanshi

Grammar Pattern

Grammar Point	Connection	Explanation
〜に反して/〜に反し	+ Noun	Indicates a result that is contrary to expectations, predictions, commands, or intentions.

Basic Usage

「〜に反して」 and 「〜に反し」 are used in the same way, primarily following a noun to express a result that is opposite to what the noun suggests. For example:

• 予想よそうに反して、彼かれは金きんメダルめだるを獲得かくとくした。
• Yosou ni hanshite, kare wa kinmedaru o kakutoku shita.
• Contrary to expectations, he won the gold medal.
  

Examples

• 予想よそうに反して、彼かれは金きんメダルめだるを獲得かくとくした。
• Yosou ni hanshite, kare wa kinmedaru o kakutoku shita.
• Contrary to expectations, he won the gold medal.
  

• 親おやの期待きたいに反はんして、一流いちりゅう大学だいがくに受うからなかった。
• Oya no kitai ni hanshite, ichiryuu daigaku ni ukaranakatta.
• Contrary to his parents' expectations, he didn't get into a top university.
  

• 一生懸命いっしょうけんめい勉強べんきょうしたが、点数てんすうは期待きたいに反はんする結果けっかとなった。
• Isshoukenmei benkyou shita ga, tensuu wa kitai ni hansuru kekka to natta.
• Although he studied hard, his grades turned out to be contrary to expectations.
  

Deep Dive

「〜に反して」 is used to indicate that a result is inconsistent with prior expectations, predictions, or intentions. It is often paired with words like "expectation," "prediction," "command," or "intention." This grammatical form is particularly common in written language and is frequently used to discuss the outcomes of events or observations of phenomena.

Comparison and Differences

「〜とは反対に」

「〜とは反対に」 is used to contrast two different characteristics, often connecting verbs, adjectives, or nouns. In contrast, 「〜に反して」 is primarily used after nouns.

Expression	Usage	Example	English Translation
〜とは反対に	Contrasting two different characteristics	優やさしい人ひとほど自分じぶんの意志いしに反はんし、他人たにんのためにと色々いろいろ考えてしまう。	The kinder the person, the more they tend to go against their own will and think about others.
〜に反して	Indicating a result contrary to expectations	予想よそうに反して、彼かれは金きんメダルめだるを獲得かくとくした。	Contrary to expectations, he won the gold medal.

「〜に反する」

「〜に反する」 is a variation of 「〜に反して」, primarily used to modify nouns, indicating a situation contrary to the expectations, predictions, or commands represented by the noun.

Expression	Usage	Example	English Translation
〜に反する	Modifying nouns to indicate contrary results	ルールるーるに反して、勝利しょうりを得える行為こういは失格しっかくとなります。	Actions that violate the rules to achieve victory will result in disqualification.
〜に反して	Indicating a result contrary to expectations	彼かれの行動こうどうはスポーツ精神せいしんに反する。	His actions are contrary to the spirit of sportsmanship.

Real-Life Scenarios

This grammar can be used in various contexts, such as:

• 社会しゃかい潮流ちょうりゅう：このようなやり方は今いまの時代じだいの流れながれに反している。
• Shakai chouryuu: Kono youna yarikata wa ima no jidai no nagare ni hanshiteiru.
• Such practices are contrary to the current trends of the times.
  

• 歴史れきし趋势ちょうせい：この政策せいさくは過去かこの経験けいけんに反している。
• Rekishi chousei: Kono seisaku wa kako no keiken ni hanshiteiru.
• This policy goes against past experiences.
  

Summary

「〜に反して/〜に反し」 is used to express results that are contrary to expectations and is commonly found in written language. Its primary usage follows nouns and is applicable in various contexts. This grammar has clear distinctions from similar expressions like 「〜とは反対に」 and 「〜に反する」.