「れる／られる」- Passive Voice

Explanation

「れる／られる」 is a versatile auxiliary verb in Japanese, primarily used to express the passive voice. Its conjugation patterns include "五段 verbs in their ない form + れる," "一段 verbs in their ない form + られる," "する verbs becoming される," and "来る becoming 来られる." These usages enrich expression but also add complexity to learning.

Grammar Pattern

Grammar Point	Connection	Explanation
Passive Voice	五段 verbs: ない form + れる；一段 verbs: ない form + られる；する verbs: される；来る: 来られる	Indicates that something is done to the subject or that the subject is affected by an action.

Basic Usage

• Passive Voice
  • 彼かれは先生せんせいに叱しかられた。
  • Kare wa sensei ni shikarareta.
  • He was scolded by the teacher.
    
  • 友達ともだちに手紙てがみを読よまれた。
  • Tomodachi ni tegami o yomareta.
  • The letter was read by my friend.
    

Deep Dive

• Detailed Analysis of Passive Voice
  • Direct Passive: The receiver of the action is marked by the particle 「は」, and the doer is marked by 「に」 or 「から」.
    • 私わたしは犬いぬに噛かまれた。
    • Watashi wa inu ni kamareta.
    • I was bitten by a dog.
      
  • Indirect Passive: Indicates that the subject is affected by the action, with the doer marked by 「に」.
    • 妹いもうとは母ははに怒おこられた。
    • Imouto wa haha ni okorareta.
    • My younger sister was scolded by our mother.
      

Summary

「れる／られる」 serves the function of expressing the passive voice in Japanese. Understanding this usage is crucial for improving Japanese proficiency. Through extensive reading and practical application, one can better master this grammar point.