「〜てある」- Indicates Prepared State

Explanation

「〜てある」 is a Japanese grammatical structure used to indicate that something has been prepared or is in a certain state. It is often used to describe actions that have been completed in advance for a specific purpose, emphasizing the result or state of the action.

Grammar Pattern

Grammar Point	Connection	Explanation
Verb て-form + ある	Verb て-form + ある	Indicates that something has been prepared or is in a certain state, emphasizing the result of the action.

Basic Usage

Connection

• Verb て-form + ある

Meaning

• Indicates that something has been prepared or is in a certain state, emphasizing the result of the action.

Examples

• 窓まどが開あけてあります。
• Mado ga akete arimasu.
• The window has been opened.
  

• テーブルテーブルに食器しょっきが並ならべてあります。
• Tēburu ni shokki ga narabete arimasu.
• The tableware has been set on the table.
  

• 会議かいぎの資料しりょうが用意よういしてあります。
• Kaigi no shiryō ga yōi shite arimasu.
• The materials for the meeting have been prepared.
  

• 部屋へやの掃除そうじが済すんであります。
• Heya no sōji ga sunde arimasu.
• The room has been cleaned.
  

Comparison and Differences

Although both 「〜てある」 and 「〜ている」 can indicate a state, they differ in usage and meaning.

Grammar Point	Usage	Meaning
「〜てある」	Emphasizes the result or prepared state of an action	Indicates that something has been prepared or is in a certain state
「〜ている」	Emphasizes the ongoing or continuous state of an action	Indicates that an action is ongoing or continuous

Examples:

• 窓まどが開あけてあります。
• Mado ga akete arimasu.
• The window has been opened.
  

• 窓まどが開あいています。
• Mado ga aite imasu.
• The window is open.
  

Deep Dive

「〜てある」 is primarily used to emphasize the result or prepared state of an action. It is often used to describe actions that have been completed in advance for a specific purpose, focusing on the result or state rather than the ongoing process. Unlike 「〜ている」, which emphasizes the ongoing or continuous nature of an action, 「〜てある」 highlights the outcome.

Summary

「〜てある」 is a Japanese grammatical structure used to indicate that something has been prepared or is in a certain state, emphasizing the result or prepared state of an action. Mastering this structure will help you better describe the state of things in both everyday conversations and formal situations.